Police Profiling And Its Effectiveness - 1317 Words

I. Introduction a. Opening Sentence i. A case about profiling (Whren Brown) and its effectiveness to reduce crime or not to reduce crime. b. Secondary Sentence i. Brief background into profiling and how it connects to the previously mentioned case, leading into the thesis. c. Thesis Statement i. Profiling is something that every person has or will do at some point in their life; some may even profile without even realizing it. There are various forms of profiling which will be discussed, along with the history behind profiling and how it has been used successfully by Law Enforcement in several areas as a field on investigation (Douglass, Ressler Burgess, 1986). Profiling has various positives along with negatives, and these are accepted by Satzewich and Shaffir (2009) who suggest that racial profiling is best understood in the context of a police subculture where these police officer intergrade profiling as part of their every day work routine. Profiling is a big factor in the daily work of every Law Enforcement Officer and it cannot be avoided (Becker, 2004). For the most part profiling is seen as part of an officers daily investigative tools, from border searches, to pulling vehicles over for traffic citations the officers will use his or her discretion on those who aro use their suspicion (Rose, 2002). Therefore, this paper will analyze the overall effectiveness of profiling and how it either proves to successfully reduce crime or not (Rose, 2002). II. History ofShow MoreRelatedDiscussion On Geographical Profiling And Crime Theory1490 Words   |  6 PagesDiscussion Geographical profiling is based on several theories including routine activity theory (Cohen Felson, 1979) suggesting that offenders come across opportunities to offend in their daily life, rational choice theory (Clarke Felson, 1993) which suggests offenders make a cost v risk analysis and crime pattern theory (Brantingham Brantingham, 1981) which is a merging of the two previous theories. Along with the assumptions of distance decay (the belief that offenders are more inclinedRead MoreEssay On Racial Profiling1514 Words   |  7 PagesRacial profiling is a very important issue that individuals in society face every day. This problem occurs in low income or poverty-stricken areas throughout cities and communities across the nation. Hundreds of anecdotal testimonials allege that law enforcement officials at all levels of government are infringing upon the constitutional rights and civil liberties of racial and ethnic minorities through a practice called â€Å"racial profiling (W ard, 2002). So what is racial profiling? According to theRead MoreEssay on Criminal Profiling1253 Words   |  6 PagesCriminal profiling is one of few first things to think of when it comes to forensic psychology. Criminal profiling is featured in popular television shows such as in Law and Order and CSI. Often in those shows, the police officers were able to catch the criminals based on the criminal profile that forensic psychologists came up with. In a theory, the polices rely on criminal profiling to catch criminals, educate the public about a possible criminal, and confirm the witnesses’ accounts. CriminalRead More Profiling and Police/Community Relations Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pages Scientific Methods Scientifically, profiling and police-community relations are comprised of a two-fold focus. The first focal point concentrates on attitudes members of a community have about profiling in accordance to actions conducted by police officers upon them in the course of their duties. The second focal point concentrates on the profiling of police officers, as completed by early intervention systems, in an effort to reduce complaints from members of the community. The literatureRead MoreRacial Profiling by Police Is Ineffective and Reduces Public Safety937 Words   |  4 Pages Racial Profiling is law enforcement and private security practices that disproportionately target people of color for investigation and enforcement. Racial Profiling occurs across the United States and an overwhelming number of Hispanics and African Americans, including children, are being stopped. Some may say â€Å"racial profiling is an ineffective and degrading practice that violates civil rights† while others say that it is â€Å"necessary to counter terrorism and reduce crime.† In myRead MoreColor Vs. Crime : Racial Profiling1662 Words   |  7 PagesColor vs. Crime Racial profiling, according to The Leadership Conference, â€Å"refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on race, ethnicity, religion or national origin.† This is a troubling pressing issue in the United States till this day. Racial profiling is patently illegal and violates the U.S. Constitution’s core promises of equal protection under the law to all and freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures. MoreoverRead MoreRacial Profiling Term Paper1588 Words   |  7 PagesRacial profiling is a popular method used by law officers in order to hypothetically enhance crime prevention by targeting minorities, because they are more likely to commit a crime. According to Wikipedia, racial profiling is defined as: the inclusion of race in the profile of a person considered likely to commit a particular crime or type of crime. In other words, it is targeting specific ethnic groups because they are more likely to commit certain crimes. Racial profiling is a flagrant form ofRead MoreThe Validity Of Criminal Profiling Essay1531 Words   |  7 PagesThe Validity of Criminal Profiling and its Effectiveness on Solving Crime In law, law enforcement relies on a variety of approaches to solving crimes. One method of doing so, is criminal profiling. Police use criminal profiling as an aid to identify the typology of individuals most likely to fit the suspect profile. In this approach, evidence of a crime is used to identify the characteristics of the criminal in relation to their personality and psychological state of mind. As wellRead MorePolice Enforcement And The Police Agencies1609 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduce: I think we all can agree that the police agencies, image has been ruined in every way you could possibly think of. I truly believe that no one honors the police agencies anymore. As technology has enhance over the years, far as cell phones, people are able to see what police officers are really doing while on the force. There have been many video release when police brutality was reveal, as well as how the police agencies respond to an incident. Over the years, community policing hasRead MoreThe Social Construction Of Race1638 Words   |  7 Pagesher views are perpetuating the dominant view by law enforcement. In her article, she continues by trying to prove the effectiveness of carding by making reference to a high profile case but first, I will like to address and disrupt certain statements found in article made by Chief Jennifer Evans justifying racial profiling through carding. In this article that Peel Regional Police Chief Jennifer Evans states, â€Å"In fact, when carding is done properly, there is nothing random about it† (p. 1). The argument

Production And Release Of The Matrix Essay - 2220 Words

Production and Release The Matrix was produced by Warner Bros. studios, and released in the U.S. on March 31, 1999. It was written and directed by Lana and Lilly Wachowski, also known as the Wachowski Brothers. The principal cast included, Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, and Hugo Weaving among others. During its opening weekend, it made $27,788,331 and it grossed $171,383,253. It won an Oscar for, best film editing, best sound, best effects (sound effects editing, and best effects (visual effects). Three years prior to the release of this film the Wachowski Brothers also directed and released Bound, which was a movie about an ex con and her lover planning to steal a lot of money and framing someone else for it. This film is relevant to the one discussed, because it focuses on outcasts in society and the changes they go through to come closer to their new beginning. In 1999, Warner Bros. studio, produced The Green Mile and The Iron Giant both movies are similar to the film discuss ed because they feature a character who is misunderstood and by those around them, but they go to great lengths and sacrifice everything to save those same people who feared them. Plot and Story A phone call, between a male and female whose voices remain anonymous, sharing a conversation about who â€Å"The One† is and whether or not the female believes that the person she’s watching is it or not. Numerous police officers break down the door and tell a female, who isShow MoreRelatedThe Purpose Of The Article ‘Quorum-Sensing Regulation In1446 Words   |  6 Pagessurface component has been implicated in enhanced biofilm formation and bacterial colonization of indwelling medical devices. Agr plays an important role in affecting, as Agr controls protease which allows the degradation of protein of the biofilm matrix. 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Because it releases energy from fuel in a slow and controlled fashion. 6. Why are oxidation reactions often associated with the production of ATP? They release energy, thus helping with the production of ATP. 7. In the reaction ADP + P forms ATP is energy stored or released? Stored , because with the addition of a Phosphate molecule ATP is formedRead MoreMetabolism641 Words   |  3 Pagesphosphate which causes the phosphate to get stuck and the free phosphate to be depleted by because of so much is being used by the fructose 1-phosphate. Since our phosphate levels were depleted it slows production of ATP, phosphate is needed in the electron transport chain. Since ATP production has slowed and liver cells are low on energy liver damage can occur which can ultimately lead to liver failure. Fructose-1-phosphate buildup can act as a signal of increased blood sugar. 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The nucleus is where the genetic code for the production of different proteins is stored, therefore controlling the enzymes present and thus regulating the activity of the cell. These genes are encoded in a long series of different combinations of the 4 DNA bases; adenine, thymine, guan ine and cytosineRead MoreThe Structure Of The Hip Joint1475 Words   |  6 Pagesthat will be explored are the skeletal system, different types of joints and all the tissues involved at the hip joint. The skeletal system has five main functions which consist of support, movement, protection of organs, blood cell production and mineral release and storage. The skeletal system is made up of two parts, the Axial skeleton and the Appendicular skeleton. The Axial skeleton includes of the skull, spine and ribcage. The Appendicular is made up of the arms, legs, pelvic girdle and pectoral

Compare and Contrast Mesopotamia Egypt Free Essays

Compare Contrast Essay Mesopotamia and Egypt By: Jessenia Carranza Egypt and Mesopotamia are similar because they share the same concept of having a single rule, although Egypt is a theocracy and Mesopotamia is a monarchy; and both are divided into social classes, the difference being that women in Egypt have more right than Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia and Egypt are both based upon a single ruler. The Akkedians, for example, had king Sargen, who formed the first empire; or even Hammurabi, the ruler of Babylonia, he created the fist code of laws, which were followed by his people. We will write a custom essay sample on Compare and Contrast Mesopotamia Egypt or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Akkedians had to have a single ruler because an empire doesn’t form itself; it needs a leader, which is the king. Similar to this is Menes the king of Egypt, he united Lower and Upper Egypt and built the first dynasty. Although Mesopotamia and Egypt were both based upon a single ruler, Egypt was a dynasty and passed down the power to the son, whereas Mesopotamia was just a monarchy didn’t necessarily pass down the power to the son. In Egypt the pharaohs, were believed to be gods, therefore it was a theocracy and he had total control. Unlike Egypt, Mesopotamia was a monarchy, and it was believed that their ruler descended from the gods, but they were not gods. Another similarity between these two societies is that they are divided into social classes. In both of them, the King is in the first class followed by wealthy merchants and then the farmers, unskilled workers, and all the other people. Basically the social classes in Mesopotamia and Egypt are based on power, money and skills. One difference between both of these societies is that they Egypt give women more rights then the women in Mesopotamia. In Mesopotamia women could only own property and could divorce their husbands. Meanwhile, in Egypt women could not only divorce and own property, but also they could also manage and sell properties and trade. In short, while in Mesopotamia women’s rights were restricted, in Egypt women’s right were equal to men. How to cite Compare and Contrast Mesopotamia Egypt, Essay examples

Betwixt Non-Financial (sustainability) and Integrated Reporting

Question: Discuss about the Integrated Reporting Framework. Answer: Introduction Integrated reporting is the need of the hour as it is an innovative approach that has provided a paramount advantage to the corporate reporting process. With the due passage of time, the concept has gained paramount importance and it is a precise communication that is done considering the external environment and leads to the development of the value creation which is the major objective of the organization. The value creation pertains to the long-term as well as short-term. The creation of IR goes in favor of the process of accountability, trust and stewardship that harness the flow of information and transparency of business that is influenced by the presence of technology (Carol et. al, 2016). The investors need information so that the decision-making process goes in favor and enables them to create greater returns. The report lists the benefit associated with the process of integrated reporting and the benefits that can be accrued out of it. Disadvantages of traditional corporate reporting In relation to traditional reporting, it pursues several disadvantages that have played a key role in deteriorating its significance in the current scenario. Furthermore, these disadvantages can be assembled in various types namely complications, the absence of connectivity, and lack of progressive information. Traditional corporate reporting with the due passage of time has become many problematic and longer. Complexity is involved and takes a lot of time that leads to a negative course of action. The reason behind this can be attributed towards an increase in business complications, thereby necessitating substantial and innovative reporting requirements. Moreover, this has made it more complicated for the users of financial statements to extricate relevant information that they need. This is the reason why such users have become incapable in making effective decisions, thereby resulting in operational inefficiency (Melville, 2013). Furthermore, traditional corporate reporting also suffers from the absence of proper non-financial details, or many times such non-financial information prevails but is not effectively related with that of the financial information. Besides, actually, it has been observed that such non-financial data assist in developing the understanding of users on matters re lated to performance and intangible company value. In addition, the level of sustainability reports is minimal in traditional corporate reporting as opposed to modern reporting that offers an enhanced viewpoint of the companys operations, and emphasizing interconnection of every trait that affects the ability of a company to create value with the due passage of time (Oates, 2009). On a whole, the disadvantages of traditional corporate fail to provide an anticipation of the long-term position of a company. Besides, since it cannot overpass past-concentrated financial details, it also fails to disclose proper strategic goals to enhance the future and measures to procure them, the future viewpoint of the companys performance, and relationship betwixt such past and future performance as a whole. Integrated reporting Integrated reporting aims to offer a holistic viewpoint of the company by putting its measures and performance in relation to it's significant environmental and social concerns. Moreover, in relation to corporate communication, it refers to a procedure that results in communication on matters regarding generation of value with the due passage of time. In simple words, it is a kind of communication, which aims to offer relevant information about how the companys measures, governance, and performance can result in the creation of value over time. Besides, such representation of company performance relates to the prevalence of both financial as well as non-financial information. In order to address the disparities in traditional corporate reporting, the introduction of integrated reporting has been made. Furthermore, according to the International Integrated Reporting Council (IIRC), such reporting format does not incorporate mass complications that can hamper its significant value. This is because it can play a key role in establishing a proper report comprising of information that is significant in nature. Therefore, because of the absence of high complications in such reporting process, it becomes very beneficial to the users of financial statements as now they can withdraw relevant data in order to make effective decisions. In addition, such reporting does not incorporate sufficient non-financial information unlike in the case of traditional corporate reporting. Integrated reporting, in reality, incorporates both non-financial and financial data that also comprise of sustainability reports in order to offer an enhanced viewpoint on the performance of the company. It offers enhanced information by clarifying how such information can align with the functions and activities of the company, thereby assisting them in making proper decisions (Lapsley, 2012). Lastly, in association with progressive details, such reporting surpasses past-oriented information in order to provide several measures that are beneficial to the company stakeholders and company as a whole. Moreover, in order to shed light on the proper relationship betwixt the past and future performance of a company, an integrated report helps in the completion of both sustainability and financial reports. Nevertheless, such reporting is also related to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) that are very beneficial to the current companies after taking into account the prevalent scenarios, as such initiative emphasizes upon the fact that the stakeholders of a company possess a right to procure every significant information on its performance. Difference betwixt integrated and non-financial reporting Even though an integrated report accommodates sustainability reporting in order to facilitate enhanced understanding regarding the companys performance to its users, there is a necessity to address the concerns betwixt the two. In relation to sustainability reporting, it primarily focuses on communication of the strategy of a company in order to sustain its key social and environmental issues. In other words, it is mainly about communicating to the public on matters related to how the company assesses its environmental and social issues that are more significant to it, or how the management of these concerns can be done, or how the company is operating in opposition to such prime concerns, etc. Moreover, many companies consider such concerns as business risks and opportunities as a whole. For example, climate change, employee diversification, attraction, and retention of talent, etc, that cannot only pose threats but also opportunities for the company (Mark Michael, 2016). Hence, su stainability reporting primarily deals with communicating how an organization can manage or identify these risks and opportunities for better performance. On the other hand, integrated reporting is a progressive strategy in comparison to sustainability reporting, as it deals with how companies can manage their generation of long-term value through the introduction of an integrated measure to both traditional and sustainability risks. Hence, in contrast to reporting on the companys financial performance and sustainability performance, such reporting assists in shedding light on how the company can accommodate both environmental and social concerns into their activities. In other words, an integrated report surpasses environmental and social information, financial data, etc, in order to shed light on how it can accommodate these broader threats and opportunities into their long-term vision and other plans and policies as a whole (Samaha Dahaway, 2010). Moreover, this depicts that an integrated report pulls together crucial information in order to describe how a generation of value is facilitated through the activities of the company. Therefore, sustainability reporting sheds light on one relevant segment of the companys performance, without which an integrated report cannot deliver to its fullest value. On a whole, it is the responsibility of a company to put sustainability elements in proper place, and it must not give due consideration towards the publishing of sustainability reports. Besides, when such sustainability elements are in place, an integrated report can provide clear guidance to the users. Advantages and disadvantages of integrated reporting An integrated report assists in offering a more efficient allocation of capital by providing enhanced transparency on the measures and perspectives to the analysis so that they can re-align their framework with that of the model of business (IR, 2016). Therefore, the result will be enhanced goodwill and confidence in the award and organizational risk and appropriate sizing of their cost of capital. In addition, the internal and external factors that are related to the business strategy and framework can develop the concentration throughout the company on concerns that are very significant in highlighting the procurement of organizational goals. Besides, although an integrated report plays a key role in developing preciseness and minimizing complications in financial information, a new and complete set of non-financial details can only play a part in maximizing the complications and length of such information (KMPG, 2016). Nevertheless, these issues badly influence the perspectives on the scale to which an integrated report must procure its goals. In relation to separation of control and ownership within companies, an agency theory is more promising, as it can assist in creating a contractual agency relationship betwixt the shareholder (principal) and the management (agent). Moreover, information asymmetry magnified with a presumption that both parties are developers of utility, implies that the principals are focused to align the interest of an agent closer with that of them, by monitoring or bonding expenses in order to minimize the residual losses (Eccles Krzus, 2010). Therefore, an integrated report refers to a kind of monitoring cost that assists in lessening the information asymmetry. Moreover, this perspective also aligns with that of the goal of integrated reporting model that is to enhance financial allocation of capital by having a company disclose its procedure on how it intends to generate long-term value (Spiceland, 2011). Furthermore, positive accounting theory (PAT) also plays a role in describing firms as interlink of contracts in order to minimize agency expenses. Therefore, as these contracts require monitoring and proper enforcement, there is high demand for accounting and auditing procedures primarily on aspects like debt contracts, regulation of government, etc. The discretion of the management over such accounting and auditing plans and policies by allowing these to optimize their option of policies play a key role in minimizing the cost of contracts and restrict costly regulation (Druckman, 2013). Nonetheless, an integrated report can be implemented as an option of such policy, thereby facilitating in a better advantage to the companies. Significance of integrated reporting In relation to the current business scenario, the impact of every group of stakeholder on business value cannot be disregarded. Furthermore, according to studies, an integrated report aims in offering a broader outcome of performance in opposition to traditional corporate reporting. Besides, the development of IIRF (International Integrated Reporting Framework) by the IIRC assists in offering guidance to companies by providing relevant details that are necessary for investors and stakeholders to assess the long-term influence of the company effectively and precisely (IR, 2016). Furthermore, integrated reporting is beneficial to stakeholders regarding matters on the environment, social, and governance issues, thereby offering more transparency to them in association with the influence of these factors on the company. It also sheds light on the relationship of the company with its key stakeholders. Nevertheless, both financial and non-financial information addresses the disparities in traditional corporate reporting. Conclusion Integrated reporting assist in enhancing transparency and accountability of financial information that is beneficial for building trust with major stakeholders such as suppliers, government, customers, etc. In other words, an integrated report is advantageous to every group of stakeholder. It not only offers immense effectiveness to the company but is also an edge for other kinds of reporting. This implies that it has an edge over traditional corporate reporting, as it can enable enhanced presentation by offering extreme power to the company in relation to its reporting and compliance as a whole. References Carol, A.A, Brad, P, Prakash J. S, Jodi Y 2016, Exploring the implications of integrated reporting for social investment (disclosures), The British Accounting Review, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 283296 Druckman, P 2013, Integrate reporting framework aims to promote lasting sustainable change, viewed 18 April 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/integrated-reporting-framework-sustainable-change Eccles, R.G. Krzus, M. 2010, One Report: Integrated Reporting for a Sustainable Strategy, Wiley, New Jersey, USA. Integrated reporting (IR) 2016, What? The tool for better reporting, viewed 18 April 2016, https://integratedreporting.org/what-the-tool-for-better-reporting/ KMPG 2016, Performance insight through Better Business Reporting, viewed 18 April 2016, https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/road-to-integrated-reporting.pdf Lapsley, I. 2012, Commentary: Financial Accountability Management, Qualitative Research in Accounting Management, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 291-292. Mark A. C Michael J. P 2016, The timeliness of UK private company financial reporting: Regulatory and economic influences, The British Accounting Review, vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 297315 Melville, A 2013, International Financial Reporting A Practical Guide, 4th edition, Pearson, Education Limited, UK Oates, T. 2009, Jigsaw must be complete, Sustainable Business, Sydney. Samaha, K. Dahaway, K 2010, Factory influencing corporate disclosure transparency, in the active share trading firms: An Explanatory study, Research in Emerging Economies, vol. 10, pp. 87-118. Spiceland, J., Thomas, W. Herrmann, D 2011, Financial accounting, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin,University Press.